https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?QRY=BIBITM%3E%20(ITMCGS%3A%20PTRME)&QRYTEXT=Category%3A%20Pointer%20Monthly%20Essays&SETLVL=SET&CF=BIB&SORTS=DTE.DATE1.DESC&NRECS=20 Spydus Search Results en © 2022 Civica Pty Limited. All rights reserved. https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130632&CF=BIB There are many qualities that a Commanding Officer (CO) must possess in order for them to lead their unit well. In this essay, the author shares the seven key factors that he feels an aspiring CO needs to consider when drawing out their own action plan as they take on the role of a CO, in order for them to have a more meaningful CO tour in their career. There are many qualities that a Commanding Officer (CO) must possess in order for them to lead their unit well. In this essay, the author shares the seven key factors that he feels an aspiring CO needs to consider when drawing out their own action plan as they take on the role of a CO, in order for them to have a more meaningful CO tour in their career.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore 2024<br />8p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130634&CF=BIB This essay critically examines the multifaceted challenges confronting regional security and co‐operationwithin the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As the geopolitical landscape evolves, ASEAN faces amyriad of issues that impede the realisation of its vision for a stable and collaborative regional environment. Thisstudy delves into the diverse factors contributing to these challenges, ranging from historical disputes andterritorial conflicts to economic disparities and differing political ideologies. This essay critically examines the multifaceted challenges confronting regional security and co‐operationwithin the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As the geopolitical landscape evolves, ASEAN faces amyriad of issues that impede the realisation of its vision for a stable and collaborative regional environment. Thisstudy delves into the diverse factors contributing to these challenges, ranging from historical disputes andterritorial conflicts to economic disparities and differing political ideologies.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore 2024<br />19p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130636&CF=BIB In this essay, the author examines the view that traditional Non-Offensive Defence (NOD) is not an effective military strategy in current times. He supports his arguments by analysing the origins of this military strategy and its fundamental principles. He then follows up with a discussion on the limitations of NOD, and the ‘game changers’ in modern day security realities. The author then concludes with a case study of Taiwan and how NOD can possibly remain effective in today’s world. In this essay, the author examines the view that traditional Non-Offensive Defence (NOD) is not an effective military strategy in current times. He supports his arguments by analysing the origins of this military strategy and its fundamental principles. He then follows up with a discussion on the limitations of NOD, and the ‘game changers’ in modern day security realities. The author then concludes with a case study of Taiwan and how NOD can possibly remain effective in today’s world.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore 2024<br />12p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130638&CF=BIB In this essay, the author aims to discuss how China will embrace AI and Robotics to enhance its national security and how the security landscape will be affected by this pursuit. The author first identifies China’s national interests and examines how it will use AI and Robotics technologies to enhance its national security. Secondly, the author will dive deeper into the military aspect by identifying the AI and Robotics technologies that China’s military will likely adopt for their future warfare. Lastly, the author then analyses how China’s adoption of military-use AI and Robotics implicates the region's security landscape. In this essay, the author aims to discuss how China will embrace AI and Robotics to enhance its national security and how the security landscape will be affected by this pursuit. The author first identifies China’s national interests and examines how it will use AI and Robotics technologies to enhance its national security. Secondly, the author will dive deeper into the military aspect by identifying the AI and Robotics technologies that China’s military will likely adopt for their future warfare. Lastly, the author then analyses how China’s adoption of military-use AI and Robotics implicates the region's security landscape.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore 2024<br />15p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130603&CF=BIB In this essay, the author contends that World War Two (WWII) exemplifies the concept of Total War more than World War One (WWI) through the larger scales of military and economic mobilisation, as well as the deeper level and impact of civilian victimisation. The author presents his argument in three parts. First, he discusses how the scale of military mobilisation and complexity of WWII was markedly higher than that of WWI. Second, he assesses the cost of war and allocation of war economy as well as the relationship between military actions and economics of the key players. Lastly, the author then assesses the impact that each war had on the non-combatants of the war, as part of military and political actions. In this essay, the author contends that World War Two (WWII) exemplifies the concept of Total War more than World War One (WWI) through the larger scales of military and economic mobilisation, as well as the deeper level and impact of civilian victimisation. The author presents his argument in three parts. First, he discusses how the scale of military mobilisation and complexity of WWII was markedly higher than that of WWI. Second, he assesses the cost of war and allocation of war economy as well as the relationship between military actions and economics of the key players. Lastly, the author then assesses the impact that each war had on the non-combatants of the war, as part of military and political actions.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2023<br />10p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130605&CF=BIB In this essay, the author argues that the Centre of Gravity (COG) concept is not too abstract a concept to be of use to military planners. He begins by defining the physical and moral centres of gravity and then proceeds to examine possible confusions in defining and applying COG which may arise from factors such as the operating environment, inherent unpredictability in war and so on. However, the author goes on to explain how the concept is nevertheless useful in aiding understanding. Finally, the author looks at modernised approaches to defining the COG and uses the case study of Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in Marawi to examine this thinking in the context of counter insurgency operations. In this essay, the author argues that the Centre of Gravity (COG) concept is not too abstract a concept to be of use to military planners. He begins by defining the physical and moral centres of gravity and then proceeds to examine possible confusions in defining and applying COG which may arise from factors such as the operating environment, inherent unpredictability in war and so on. However, the author goes on to explain how the concept is nevertheless useful in aiding understanding. Finally, the author looks at modernised approaches to defining the COG and uses the case study of Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in Marawi to examine this thinking in the context of counter insurgency operations.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2023<br />11p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130606&CF=BIB In this essay, the author highlights that the development and deployment of Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) in modern warfare raises pressing ethical questions. He examines the ethical problems posed by the use of AWS and critically assesses the arguments presented by various writers. The author evaluates the ethical frameworks presented in the readings and explores the implications of deploying AWS in the context of laws of armed conflict and just war theory. He compares and contrasts various positions on the topic, including the arguments for and against the deployment of AWS, the possibility of accountability and responsibility for AWS, and the ethical implications of using AWS for targeted killings. The author argues that ultimately, while there may be some advantages to using AWS in warfare, the ethical concerns raised by their deployment are significant and must be addressed. He concludes by advocating for a cautious and principled approach to the development and deployment of AWS, one that prioritises ethical considerations and human well-being. In this essay, the author highlights that the development and deployment of Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) in modern warfare raises pressing ethical questions. He examines the ethical problems posed by the use of AWS and critically assesses the arguments presented by various writers. The author evaluates the ethical frameworks presented in the readings and explores the implications of deploying AWS in the context of laws of armed conflict and just war theory. He compares and contrasts various positions on the topic, including the arguments for and against the deployment of AWS, the possibility of accountability and responsibility for AWS, and the ethical implications of using AWS for targeted killings. The author argues that ultimately, while there may be some advantages to using AWS in warfare, the ethical concerns raised by their deployment are significant and must be addressed. He concludes by advocating for a cautious and principled approach to the development and deployment of AWS, one that prioritises ethical considerations and human well-being.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2023<br />11p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130607&CF=BIB The essay views radical Islamic terrorist organisations as anti-fragile systems to understand better the resilience of these organisations and the requirements of a successful counter-terrorism containment strategy. Despite the 20-year Global War on Terrorism, the scourge of terrorism has not been eradicated but has seen a resurgence in recent years globally and in Southeast Asia. Currently, Radical Islamic terrorists form the bulk of terrorist attacks in terms of numbers and geospatial coverage. Compared to other forms of terrorism, Radical Islamic terrorist organisations’ unique characteristic is their singular goal of imposing their radical version of Islamic supremacy. Radical Islamic terrorist organisations are highly resilient and exhibit ‘antifragility’ properties—the ability for systems to benefit when stressed. Systems thinking methodology was applied to analyse the interdependencies of the underlying factors of the political influence of terrorist organisations. The source of their antifragility was identified to be a group of factors which are interlinked in four self-reinforcing loops. By shattering the four loops, the terrorist organisations will lose their political influence, leading to their eventual demise. Radical Islamic terrorist organisations are media savvy and exploit the media and social influence to amplify the factors contributing to their antifragility. Strategies to contain terrorist organisations must account for the media dimension by reducing the terrorists’ ability to exploit the media and increasing the general population’s social resilience to terrorists’ propaganda. Tech companies and governments have attempted to create counter-narratives to reduce the effectiveness of terrorists’ propaganda in the media. For social resilience, a key thrust of Singapore’s counter-terrorism approach is the SGSecure programme which aims to build up vigilance, unity and resilience in Singapore society. The essay views radical Islamic terrorist organisations as anti-fragile systems to understand better the resilience of these organisations and the requirements of a successful counter-terrorism containment strategy. Despite the 20-year Global War on Terrorism, the scourge of terrorism has not been eradicated but has seen a resurgence in recent years globally and in Southeast Asia. Currently, Radical Islamic terrorists form the bulk of terrorist attacks in terms of numbers and geospatial coverage. Compared to other forms of terrorism, Radical Islamic terrorist organisations’ unique characteristic is their singular goal of imposing their radical version of Islamic supremacy. Radical Islamic terrorist organisations are highly resilient and exhibit ‘antifragility’ properties—the ability for systems to benefit when stressed. Systems thinking methodology was applied to analyse the interdependencies of the underlying factors of the political influence of terrorist organisations. The source of their antifragility was identified to be a group of factors which are interlinked in four self-reinforcing loops. By shattering the four loops, the terrorist organisations will lose their political influence, leading to their eventual demise. Radical Islamic terrorist organisations are media savvy and exploit the media and social influence to amplify the factors contributing to their antifragility. Strategies to contain terrorist organisations must account for the media dimension by reducing the terrorists’ ability to exploit the media and increasing the general population’s social resilience to terrorists’ propaganda. Tech companies and governments have attempted to create counter-narratives to reduce the effectiveness of terrorists’ propaganda in the media. For social resilience, a key thrust of Singapore’s counter-terrorism approach is the SGSecure programme which aims to build up vigilance, unity and resilience in Singapore society.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2023<br />14p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130610&CF=BIB According to the author, the security dilemma is an unfortunate reality, perhaps an enduring feature of the self-help international system. He explains that threat assessments exist in part because of the security dilemma, and these assessments can become self-fulfilling prophecies. This happens because of the limitations in the assessment of capability and political intent of a state, given the lack of information or transparency, the need to make judgments to fill in the informational gaps, biases on the part of the analytics, and misperceptions of words or actions. The impact of these factors on threat assessments influence states to move towards conflict, either due to factors of internal power politics, or they are caught in a spiral of misconceptions with the other party towards seemingly endless counterbalancing. However, the author highlights that it is not in the interest of states nor international relations to see these prophecies become inevitable. Rather, all states should work together towards a peaceful and prosperous global world order, despite the apparent anarchy. He also suggests the improvement of intelligence analysis and reducing misperceptions as ways to break the self-fulfilling cycles. According to the author, the security dilemma is an unfortunate reality, perhaps an enduring feature of the self-help international system. He explains that threat assessments exist in part because of the security dilemma, and these assessments can become self-fulfilling prophecies. This happens because of the limitations in the assessment of capability and political intent of a state, given the lack of information or transparency, the need to make judgments to fill in the informational gaps, biases on the part of the analytics, and misperceptions of words or actions. The impact of these factors on threat assessments influence states to move towards conflict, either due to factors of internal power politics, or they are caught in a spiral of misconceptions with the other party towards seemingly endless counterbalancing. However, the author highlights that it is not in the interest of states nor international relations to see these prophecies become inevitable. Rather, all states should work together towards a peaceful and prosperous global world order, despite the apparent anarchy. He also suggests the improvement of intelligence analysis and reducing misperceptions as ways to break the self-fulfilling cycles. <br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2023<br />11p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130616&CF=BIB In this essay, the author states that despite the increasing focus on irregular conflicts, today’s threat environment is really a hybrid of conventional and irregular warfare. In his opinion, small states need to retain the ability to deter and prevail in conventional conflict as their geostrategic realities provide them with little margin for error. Against the use of irregular warfare, they need to look beyond airpower’s traditional role as a primarily offensive tool to unlock other applications that can more aptly contribute to the objective of achieving legitimacy and influence over the relevant population. The author feels that one must understand that airpower has its limitations and cannot be the sole solution to all problems. Today’s conflicts are increasingly protracted and won by those who can control the narrative. The author concludes that airpower will be unsustainable and counter‐ productive for small states in today’s environment, if it is not complemented by other levers such as strategic communication. In this essay, the author states that despite the increasing focus on irregular conflicts, today’s threat environment is really a hybrid of conventional and irregular warfare. In his opinion, small states need to retain the ability to deter and prevail in conventional conflict as their geostrategic realities provide them with little margin for error. Against the use of irregular warfare, they need to look beyond airpower’s traditional role as a primarily offensive tool to unlock other applications that can more aptly contribute to the objective of achieving legitimacy and influence over the relevant population. The author feels that one must understand that airpower has its limitations and cannot be the sole solution to all problems. Today’s conflicts are increasingly protracted and won by those who can control the narrative. The author concludes that airpower will be unsustainable and counter‐ productive for small states in today’s environment, if it is not complemented by other levers such as strategic communication.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2023<br />11p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130624&CF=BIB In this essay, the author discusses the ideas of three military strategists in their analysis of Clausewitz’s Centre of Gravity (COG) concept—the Clausewitzian Traditionalists, the Rejectionists and the Accommodators. Specifically, the author examines the ideas of the Rejectionists as they rejected both the Clausewitzian and modern definitions. The author highlights that the COG concept is not an abstract concept for military planners. He feels that it is the current and future Operating Environments (OE) that make the COG concept such a challenge for modern military planners. His essay is divided into four parts—first, what are the different COG concepts, second, why the COG concept is not an abstract concept, third, the challenges of the current and future OEs and, fourth what are the appropriate levels of military planners for the utilisation of the COG concept. In this essay, the author discusses the ideas of three military strategists in their analysis of Clausewitz’s Centre of Gravity (COG) concept—the Clausewitzian Traditionalists, the Rejectionists and the Accommodators. Specifically, the author examines the ideas of the Rejectionists as they rejected both the Clausewitzian and modern definitions. The author highlights that the COG concept is not an abstract concept for military planners. He feels that it is the current and future Operating Environments (OE) that make the COG concept such a challenge for modern military planners. His essay is divided into four parts—first, what are the different COG concepts, second, why the COG concept is not an abstract concept, third, the challenges of the current and future OEs and, fourth what are the appropriate levels of military planners for the utilisation of the COG concept.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2023<br />11.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130627&CF=BIB In this essay, the author first describes the concept of national security and how it is typically achieved before attempting to shed light on the concept of Transparency. Next, viewing Transparency as an instrument, he identifies the mechanisms underpinning its effects and discusses its value and viability in facilitating national security—How does Transparency help achieve national security? When should it be used and what are the associated risks and limitations? Lastly, the author discusses how Transparency, as a condition of future global politics, will also shape future pursuits of national security and the associated challenges. In this essay, the author first describes the concept of national security and how it is typically achieved before attempting to shed light on the concept of Transparency. Next, viewing Transparency as an instrument, he identifies the mechanisms underpinning its effects and discusses its value and viability in facilitating national security—How does Transparency help achieve national security? When should it be used and what are the associated risks and limitations? Lastly, the author discusses how Transparency, as a condition of future global politics, will also shape future pursuits of national security and the associated challenges.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2023<br />12p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130629&CF=BIB In this essay, the author explores the dynamic relationship between the traditional military concepts of ‘Decisive Battle’ and ‘Operational Art’. While ‘Decisive Battle’ traditionally embodies the idea of a single, pivotal confrontation that determines the outcome of a conflict, ‘Operational Art’ emphasises a more comprehensive, multifaceted approach to warfare, often involving a sequence of strategic actions. The author also explores the importance of ‘Operational Art’ and highlights how the use of it helps to bring about a swift and decisive victory in war. In this essay, the author explores the dynamic relationship between the traditional military concepts of ‘Decisive Battle’ and ‘Operational Art’. While ‘Decisive Battle’ traditionally embodies the idea of a single, pivotal confrontation that determines the outcome of a conflict, ‘Operational Art’ emphasises a more comprehensive, multifaceted approach to warfare, often involving a sequence of strategic actions. The author also explores the importance of ‘Operational Art’ and highlights how the use of it helps to bring about a swift and decisive victory in war.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>2023<br />12p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130631&CF=BIB This essay undertakes a meticulous examination of the military leadership exhibited by General Arthur Percival during the Malayan Campaign and General Douglas MacArthur's command in the Philippines Campaign. By employing a comparative approach, the author aims to illuminate the distinct strategies, decision-making processes and overall performance of these two prominent military figures during a critical period of World War II in the Pacific theatre. This essay undertakes a meticulous examination of the military leadership exhibited by General Arthur Percival during the Malayan Campaign and General Douglas MacArthur's command in the Philippines Campaign. By employing a comparative approach, the author aims to illuminate the distinct strategies, decision-making processes and overall performance of these two prominent military figures during a critical period of World War II in the Pacific theatre.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>ME6 Khor Mark Wan<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>2023<br />8 p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - Current Issues / POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130524&CF=BIB In this essay, the author discusses the various dimensions of strategy. He examines Clausewitz’s five elementsof strategy in his seminal work On War. He also explores Colin Gray’s 17 Dimensions and Michael Howard’s FourDimensions of Strategy. The author then studies the ques􀆟on that some dimensions may be more fundamentalthan others in securing victory. He suggests that all the above dimensions were interactively in play and that no oneor two dimensions can guarantee success although culture, identified as a dimension, can manifest itself in alldimensions. Finally, the author concludes that we will have to prepare for conflicts with these dimensions ofstrategy to improve our future strategic performance. In this essay, the author discusses the various dimensions of strategy. He examines Clausewitz’s five elementsof strategy in his seminal work On War. He also explores Colin Gray’s 17 Dimensions and Michael Howard’s FourDimensions of Strategy. The author then studies the ques􀆟on that some dimensions may be more fundamentalthan others in securing victory. He suggests that all the above dimensions were interactively in play and that no oneor two dimensions can guarantee success although culture, identified as a dimension, can manifest itself in alldimensions. Finally, the author concludes that we will have to prepare for conflicts with these dimensions ofstrategy to improve our future strategic performance.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2022<br />11p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130526&CF=BIB In this essay, the author highlights that while civilian leadership may help to drive top-down military innovation in peacetime, a civil-military relationship characterised by directive civilian control breeds a culture of deference and thus negatively affects a military's spontaneity in adapting to current realities. By examining the changes in civil-military relations in Israel from 1985 to 2006 and its corresponding effects on the Israel Defense Force's adaptation in dealing with Hezbollah, the author aims to illustrate that heightened civilian constraints on the military impinge on the military's ability to strategically and operationally adapt to the character of the Second Lebanon War. The author concludes that civilian and military leaders should seek a balanced and supportive civil-military relationship and foster a conducive culture of initiative and independent thinking to enable better integration of top-down innovation and bottom-up adaptation. In this essay, the author highlights that while civilian leadership may help to drive top-down military innovation in peacetime, a civil-military relationship characterised by directive civilian control breeds a culture of deference and thus negatively affects a military's spontaneity in adapting to current realities. By examining the changes in civil-military relations in Israel from 1985 to 2006 and its corresponding effects on the Israel Defense Force's adaptation in dealing with Hezbollah, the author aims to illustrate that heightened civilian constraints on the military impinge on the military's ability to strategically and operationally adapt to the character of the Second Lebanon War. The author concludes that civilian and military leaders should seek a balanced and supportive civil-military relationship and foster a conducive culture of initiative and independent thinking to enable better integration of top-down innovation and bottom-up adaptation.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2022<br />9p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130527&CF=BIB In this essay, the author cites Mary Kaldor1, who argues that armed conflicts in the post-Cold War era is fundamentally different from traditional Clausewitzian interstate conflicts. Unlike old wars, which were fought between state-controlled militaries for geopolitical and ideological reasons, 'new wars' are predominantly financed by 'predatory private means' and fought in the name of identity. Identity politics has played an important role in legitimising the use of violence against other groups, for geopolitical and ideological pursuits, in both classical and contemporary armed conflicts and it is difficult to split the concept of identity politics from geopolitics due to the nature of warfare as a social activity. The author concludes by explaining that identity politics is being used as a tool to incite violence against out-groups. Identity also shares a strong emotional linkage with concept of a ‘homeland’, and has been politicised by interest groups to further their geopolitical agendas. In this essay, the author cites Mary Kaldor1, who argues that armed conflicts in the post-Cold War era is fundamentally different from traditional Clausewitzian interstate conflicts. Unlike old wars, which were fought between state-controlled militaries for geopolitical and ideological reasons, 'new wars' are predominantly financed by 'predatory private means' and fought in the name of identity. Identity politics has played an important role in legitimising the use of violence against other groups, for geopolitical and ideological pursuits, in both classical and contemporary armed conflicts and it is difficult to split the concept of identity politics from geopolitics due to the nature of warfare as a social activity. The author concludes by explaining that identity politics is being used as a tool to incite violence against out-groups. Identity also shares a strong emotional linkage with concept of a ‘homeland’, and has been politicised by interest groups to further their geopolitical agendas.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2022<br />9p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130530&CF=BIB States are increasingly vulnerable in the modern-day 21st century geopolitical environment, arising from globalization, connectivity and disruptions from the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR). Economic interdependency and the global free flow of ideas and information have increased the vulnerability of states to economic and political-social disruptions across multiple fronts of inter-state competition and conflicts short of war. In this complex, dynamic and uncertain geopolitical environment of the 21st century, sovereign states engage in geopolitical competition below the threshold level of war within a Grey Zone to preserve their sovereignty and advance their national interests. This is especially so for non-Great Power states—middle powers and small states—which have inherent limitations to its power and influence and do not have the capacities like great powers to coerce and compel others to do their will. The non-Great Power state must employ all available instruments of its national power coherently through grand strategy-making in order to wield soft power and compete effectively in the Grey Zone against coercion to preserve their sovereignty and advance their national interests. States are increasingly vulnerable in the modern-day 21st century geopolitical environment, arising from globalization, connectivity and disruptions from the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR). Economic interdependency and the global free flow of ideas and information have increased the vulnerability of states to economic and political-social disruptions across multiple fronts of inter-state competition and conflicts short of war. In this complex, dynamic and uncertain geopolitical environment of the 21st century, sovereign states engage in geopolitical competition below the threshold level of war within a Grey Zone to preserve their sovereignty and advance their national interests. This is especially so for non-Great Power states—middle powers and small states—which have inherent limitations to its power and influence and do not have the capacities like great powers to coerce and compel others to do their will. The non-Great Power state must employ all available instruments of its national power coherently through grand strategy-making in order to wield soft power and compete effectively in the Grey Zone against coercion to preserve their sovereignty and advance their national interests.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2022<br />24p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130534&CF=BIB In this essay, the author examines the continuities and developments in naval warfare in three sections. First, he examines the concept of naval warfare. Second, he studies the role of naval thought and technology in the revolution and evolution of naval warfare. In the third and final section, the author analyses the geo-strategic, economic, legal and social factors that drive developments in naval warfare. The author concludes by stating that for most countries, particularly maritime nations, navies will continue to serve as critical instruments of power andas an extension of defence and security policies to safeguard their national interest and survival through the peace-war continuum. In this essay, the author examines the continuities and developments in naval warfare in three sections. First, he examines the concept of naval warfare. Second, he studies the role of naval thought and technology in the revolution and evolution of naval warfare. In the third and final section, the author analyses the geo-strategic, economic, legal and social factors that drive developments in naval warfare. The author concludes by stating that for most countries, particularly maritime nations, navies will continue to serve as critical instruments of power andas an extension of defence and security policies to safeguard their national interest and survival through the peace-war continuum.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2022<br />8p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130539&CF=BIB In this essay, the author examines the challenges faced by states seeking to deter threats without the advantage of possessing nuclear weapons. He first examines the principles behind deterrence such as the two main strategies of denial and punishment. The factors needed for successful deterrence—capability, credibility and communication—are also examined. The author then goes on to highlight the differences between conventional and nuclear deterrence. Singapore is cited as a case study to highlight how elements of diplomacy, information and economics along with military deterrence can shape a successful strategy. The author concludes by stating that though a strong military is still the most practical means for non-nuclear states to protect themselves, it must be utilised along with these other factors due to the limitations of conventional deterrence. In this essay, the author examines the challenges faced by states seeking to deter threats without the advantage of possessing nuclear weapons. He first examines the principles behind deterrence such as the two main strategies of denial and punishment. The factors needed for successful deterrence—capability, credibility and communication—are also examined. The author then goes on to highlight the differences between conventional and nuclear deterrence. Singapore is cited as a case study to highlight how elements of diplomacy, information and economics along with military deterrence can shape a successful strategy. The author concludes by stating that though a strong military is still the most practical means for non-nuclear states to protect themselves, it must be utilised along with these other factors due to the limitations of conventional deterrence.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2022<br />10p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130600&CF=BIB Both World War Two (WWII) and World War One (WWI) mark some of humanity’s darkest moments in the 20th century—cities razed to the ground, acts of unspeakable cruelty and deaths numbering in the untold millions. In this essay, the author argues that, despite the undeniably bloody legacy left by both wars, WWII still stands as the more destructive and intense of the two battles, henceforth referred to as it being closer to ‘Total War’. The author highlight factors like an immeasurable body count, greater aggression across all parties concerned, a more profound impact on industries, the participation of more civilians and the involvement of countries and regions that were previously not involved in WWI, which underscores the devastation left by WWII. The unprecedented impact of WWII, the author feels can, even now, be felt in every continent of the world and, therefore exemplifies the character of ‘Total War’ rather than WWI. Both World War Two (WWII) and World War One (WWI) mark some of humanity’s darkest moments in the 20th century—cities razed to the ground, acts of unspeakable cruelty and deaths numbering in the untold millions. In this essay, the author argues that, despite the undeniably bloody legacy left by both wars, WWII still stands as the more destructive and intense of the two battles, henceforth referred to as it being closer to ‘Total War’. The author highlight factors like an immeasurable body count, greater aggression across all parties concerned, a more profound impact on industries, the participation of more civilians and the involvement of countries and regions that were previously not involved in WWI, which underscores the devastation left by WWII. The unprecedented impact of WWII, the author feels can, even now, be felt in every continent of the world and, therefore exemplifies the character of ‘Total War’ rather than WWI.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2022<br />9p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130601&CF=BIB In this essay, the author theorises that a state’s growth in economic might is often matched by an increasingly outward-facing strategic vision and a corresponding build-up of military power projection capabilities. He cited the example of the United States, a growing economic power by the late 19th century, who managed to overcome its isolationist foreign policy and rise to its global role. The author then explores the relationship between wealth and power, highlighting that as nations become increasingly wealthy, they extend themselves globally as well as equip themselves with military tools to influence areas far beyond their borders. The author proceeds with a definition of military power projection. He then analyses the examples of China, India and Japan and shows how the acquisition of such capabilities by each country is inextricably linked to their rising economic strength and increasingly global strategic vision. In this essay, the author theorises that a state’s growth in economic might is often matched by an increasingly outward-facing strategic vision and a corresponding build-up of military power projection capabilities. He cited the example of the United States, a growing economic power by the late 19th century, who managed to overcome its isolationist foreign policy and rise to its global role. The author then explores the relationship between wealth and power, highlighting that as nations become increasingly wealthy, they extend themselves globally as well as equip themselves with military tools to influence areas far beyond their borders. The author proceeds with a definition of military power projection. He then analyses the examples of China, India and Japan and shows how the acquisition of such capabilities by each country is inextricably linked to their rising economic strength and increasingly global strategic vision.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2022<br />12p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130602&CF=BIB In this essay, the author examines the viability of deterrence strategies for non-nuclear states. He highlights the importance of deterrence strategies, followed by an examination of the various theories of deterrence such as classical deterrence theory and perfect deterrence theory. The author also notes the limitations of both theories in that both rely on an assumption of rationality. He then proceeds to discuss credibility and communication as the key factors to deterrence as well as the limitations of communication and conventional deterrence. This is then followed by a discussion on nuclear deterrence. The author then uses Singapore as a case study, illustrating the principles discussed after which, he concludes by stating that conventional deterrence is a viable strategy for both nuclear and non-nuclear states. In this essay, the author examines the viability of deterrence strategies for non-nuclear states. He highlights the importance of deterrence strategies, followed by an examination of the various theories of deterrence such as classical deterrence theory and perfect deterrence theory. The author also notes the limitations of both theories in that both rely on an assumption of rationality. He then proceeds to discuss credibility and communication as the key factors to deterrence as well as the limitations of communication and conventional deterrence. This is then followed by a discussion on nuclear deterrence. The author then uses Singapore as a case study, illustrating the principles discussed after which, he concludes by stating that conventional deterrence is a viable strategy for both nuclear and non-nuclear states.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2022<br />10p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130532&CF=BIB In this essay, the author first defines deterrence and explains its concept and its key elements. He then explores the application of conventional deterrence strategies, whether it is through denial, or through punishment, and touch on its limitations. He proceeds to examine the existential nature of nuclear deterrence and the role it plays in shaping deterrence between states. Specifically, the author illustrates why nuclear-equipped states do not necessarily enjoy a deterrence advantage in today’s security environment and discusses the deterrence strategies that non-nuclear states can employ. The author argues that these deterrence strategies remain viable, albeit complemented by other instruments of the state such as defence, diplomatic and economic interdependence. In the essay, the author also focuses on traditional state actors that apply rationality to its risks-benefit analysis in its decision-making processes. The author does not cover deterrence towards non-state actors, whose conduct of violence through terrorism for the objective of fear mongering and attention-seeking, thrives under the cloak of non-statelessness and diverges from traditional concepts of deterrence, which will require a separate study. In this essay, the author first defines deterrence and explains its concept and its key elements. He then explores the application of conventional deterrence strategies, whether it is through denial, or through punishment, and touch on its limitations. He proceeds to examine the existential nature of nuclear deterrence and the role it plays in shaping deterrence between states. Specifically, the author illustrates why nuclear-equipped states do not necessarily enjoy a deterrence advantage in today’s security environment and discusses the deterrence strategies that non-nuclear states can employ. The author argues that these deterrence strategies remain viable, albeit complemented by other instruments of the state such as defence, diplomatic and economic interdependence. In the essay, the author also focuses on traditional state actors that apply rationality to its risks-benefit analysis in its decision-making processes. The author does not cover deterrence towards non-state actors, whose conduct of violence through terrorism for the objective of fear mongering and attention-seeking, thrives under the cloak of non-statelessness and diverges from traditional concepts of deterrence, which will require a separate study.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2022<br />8p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130506&CF=BIB Klaus Schwab, founder of the World Economic Forum, contended that the Industrial Revolutions (IRs) were the main driving force behind technological improvements. In the same vein, the author considers that the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), through various transformations, is now capable of executing integrated full spectrum operations. Looking ahead, the author believes that the SAF faces two overarching challenges. Firstly, being faced with increasingly Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous (VUCA) situations, the SAF needs to automate its decision-making process in view of the tremendous amount of intelligence data. Secondly, the SAF would be contending with an impending manpower crunch—one which would see a 30% reduction in its enlistees by 2030. This threatens its Full Force Potential. To overcome these challenges while maintaining a qualitative edge over its regional neighbours, the SAF may have to harness the 4th IR technologies, Klaus Schwab, founder of the World Economic Forum, contended that the Industrial Revolutions (IRs) were the main driving force behind technological improvements. In the same vein, the author considers that the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), through various transformations, is now capable of executing integrated full spectrum operations. Looking ahead, the author believes that the SAF faces two overarching challenges. Firstly, being faced with increasingly Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous (VUCA) situations, the SAF needs to automate its decision-making process in view of the tremendous amount of intelligence data. Secondly, the SAF would be contending with an impending manpower crunch—one which would see a 30% reduction in its enlistees by 2030. This threatens its Full Force Potential. To overcome these challenges while maintaining a qualitative edge over its regional neighbours, the SAF may have to harness the 4th IR technologies,<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br />January 2021<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore : SIN, January 2021.<br />12p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130507&CF=BIB In this essay, the author argues for the proliferation of Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV) in projecting air power in 2035, and highlights the concerns involved. The author first describes the likely security landscape in the years ahead. Next, he goes on to highlight the trends of UCAVs and the reasons why they will become even more relevant in the future. The author also examines the controversies involved in conducting UCAV operations, which may impede the adoption of UCAV systems. Finally, the author analyses the implications of such trends on Singapore, in particular. In this essay, the author argues for the proliferation of Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV) in projecting air power in 2035, and highlights the concerns involved. The author first describes the likely security landscape in the years ahead. Next, he goes on to highlight the trends of UCAVs and the reasons why they will become even more relevant in the future. The author also examines the controversies involved in conducting UCAV operations, which may impede the adoption of UCAV systems. Finally, the author analyses the implications of such trends on Singapore, in particular.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br />February 2021<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore : SIN, February 2021.<br />14p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130508&CF=BIB In this essay, the author argues that currently, while there are limitations in Artificial Intelligence (AI) decision-making, it is too late to prohibit the use of autonomous technologies for future warfare. This is due to the potential of Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) as the next Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) for both State and Non-State actors. However, the author feels that it is crucial to control the use of AWS. He argues this in his essay which is divided into three parts—firstly, he will define both AI and AWS, and suggests why current technical challenges of AI decision-making will not be a long-term limiting factor for its use by the military. Second, he will examine the applications and implications of AWS in future warfare. Thirdly, he will explain why the ‘game-changing' impacts of AWS to warfare will make it unlikely for international bans on AWS to succeed. Finally, he will propose some mitigating measures to control the use of AWS. In this essay, the author argues that currently, while there are limitations in Artificial Intelligence (AI) decision-making, it is too late to prohibit the use of autonomous technologies for future warfare. This is due to the potential of Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) as the next Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) for both State and Non-State actors. However, the author feels that it is crucial to control the use of AWS. He argues this in his essay which is divided into three parts—firstly, he will define both AI and AWS, and suggests why current technical challenges of AI decision-making will not be a long-term limiting factor for its use by the military. Second, he will examine the applications and implications of AWS in future warfare. Thirdly, he will explain why the ‘game-changing' impacts of AWS to warfare will make it unlikely for international bans on AWS to succeed. Finally, he will propose some mitigating measures to control the use of AWS.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br />Mar 2021<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore : SIN, March 2021.<br />15p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130511&CF=BIB In today’s information-centric world, potential aggressors can be discerned if a country possesses the actual means to retaliate and exercise their deterrence stance. The two pillars of Singapore’s defence policy built on diplomacy and deterrence relies on the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) to back up the deterrence posture. This case study examines Ukraine’s loss of Crimea from a deterrence viewpoint and argues that the possible failure of her deterrence strategy was largely attributed to the military imbalance between Ukraine and Russia; a miscalculation in the extended deterrence afforded to Ukraine by the United States (US), Europe and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), and the inability to fully grasp Russia’s valuation of Crimea to foresee her intent. Deterrence cannot be achieved without proof of retaliatory means. Instruments of national power are often required to complement and strengthen the deterrence efforts and therefore, make sense to code the national strategy into the DIME framework and exercise deterrence through the areas of Diplomacy, Information, Military and Economic, thus enabling a comprehensive approach towards developing a robust security strategy. In today’s information-centric world, potential aggressors can be discerned if a country possesses the actual means to retaliate and exercise their deterrence stance. The two pillars of Singapore’s defence policy built on diplomacy and deterrence relies on the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) to back up the deterrence posture. This case study examines Ukraine’s loss of Crimea from a deterrence viewpoint and argues that the possible failure of her deterrence strategy was largely attributed to the military imbalance between Ukraine and Russia; a miscalculation in the extended deterrence afforded to Ukraine by the United States (US), Europe and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), and the inability to fully grasp Russia’s valuation of Crimea to foresee her intent. Deterrence cannot be achieved without proof of retaliatory means. Instruments of national power are often required to complement and strengthen the deterrence efforts and therefore, make sense to code the national strategy into the DIME framework and exercise deterrence through the areas of Diplomacy, Information, Military and Economic, thus enabling a comprehensive approach towards developing a robust security strategy.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2021<br />13p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130513&CF=BIB 3-Dimensional (3D) printing is a form of Additive Manufacturing (AM) process which creates a 3D object from a model through the fusion of material. Although 3D printing started from as early as the 1980s, the technological leap to move beyond the realm of rapid prototyping only began in the 2010s. While it is clear that the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) is gearing itself towards the utilisation of 3D printing in the near future, there are technological hurdles and associated policies that need to be overcome to maximise the use of this technology. This essay aims to look into the benefits of 3D printing for the defence industry, visit the limitations present in this novel technology, and discuss the possible solutions to navigate these roadblocks in order to maximise the use of the technology. 3-Dimensional (3D) printing is a form of Additive Manufacturing (AM) process which creates a 3D object from a model through the fusion of material. Although 3D printing started from as early as the 1980s, the technological leap to move beyond the realm of rapid prototyping only began in the 2010s. While it is clear that the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) is gearing itself towards the utilisation of 3D printing in the near future, there are technological hurdles and associated policies that need to be overcome to maximise the use of this technology. This essay aims to look into the benefits of 3D printing for the defence industry, visit the limitations present in this novel technology, and discuss the possible solutions to navigate these roadblocks in order to maximise the use of the technology.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2021<br />9p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br /> https://saftimi.spydus.com.sg/cgi-bin/spydus.exe/ENQ/WPAC/BIBENQ?SETLVL=&BRN=130514&CF=BIB In this essay, the author is of the opinion that the proliferation of cheap weaponised drones is not merely an incremental tactical innovation. He believes that, it provides non-state actors with a precision capability impervious to most defences and, is capable of targeting any military asset. This capability has brought strategic implications for how the state organises and employs military forces in line with their objectives. The author first examines how proliferation of the drone technology has altered the conduct of operations at the tactical front in order to craft a foundation for discussing strategic implications of its usage through the understanding of the revolution of weaponised drones, changes associated with technological advancement, legality as well as the ethical criticism which becomes a crucial factor in its employment. He analyses the above factors so as to provide an understanding of the shifts in the strategic landscape with the inception of drone technology and offers suggestions for the states to organise and employ military forces. The author concludes that it is critical that states strategise their military forces in doctrine, training and acquisitions so as to counter the possible threats raised by state and non-state actors in this increasingly drone-saturated world. In this essay, the author is of the opinion that the proliferation of cheap weaponised drones is not merely an incremental tactical innovation. He believes that, it provides non-state actors with a precision capability impervious to most defences and, is capable of targeting any military asset. This capability has brought strategic implications for how the state organises and employs military forces in line with their objectives. The author first examines how proliferation of the drone technology has altered the conduct of operations at the tactical front in order to craft a foundation for discussing strategic implications of its usage through the understanding of the revolution of weaponised drones, changes associated with technological advancement, legality as well as the ethical criticism which becomes a crucial factor in its employment. He analyses the above factors so as to provide an understanding of the shifts in the strategic landscape with the inception of drone technology and offers suggestions for the states to organise and employ military forces. The author concludes that it is critical that states strategise their military forces in doctrine, training and acquisitions so as to counter the possible threats raised by state and non-state actors in this increasingly drone-saturated world.<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Author: </span>Singapore Armed Forces<br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Published: </span>Singapore, 2021<br />9p.<br /><br />SAFTI MI Library - (SAFTI MI) - Online Resources - POINTER Monthly Essays - Access resource<br />