In this essay, the author explores the multifaceted challenges to regional security and co-operation within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region, focusing on political, economic and socio-cultural dimensions. The author then examines the effectiveness of these initiatives and considers whether ASEAN can adapt its strategies to overcome existing and emerging threats in the next decade. By analysing current trends and potential future scenarios, the author argues that while substantial obstacles remain, ASEAN possesses the potential to enhance its regional security and co-operation framework through sustained collective action and strategic adaptability.