Collection: Online Resources

Abstract: International and national judicial institutions are not necessarily the best or only way to address core international crimes. A regional approach may in certain situations not only better suit the theoretical objectives of international criminal justice, but in practice also allow sma...

Counter-Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) is usually part of a broader counter-terrorism, counter-insurgency or law enforcement effort. According to the author, counter-insurgency is designed to combine both lethal and non-lethal actions to crumble insurgent networks. He explains the purpose of...

The use of anticipatory military actions or pre-emptive forces by states in the name of self-defence has long been a controversial decision that has elicited further analysis by the masses. Anticipatory attacks refer to any form of self-defence that is exercised before the enemy is able to impact...

Abstract: The Battle of the Atlantic (BA) was a keenly contested period that lasted through the Second World War (WWII ), from September 1939, when a U-boat sunk passenger liner SS Athenia, to May 1945, when Germany capitulated. This essay will argue that success in the Atlantic sustained Britain...

Deterrence has always been a subject of concern for countries. In the event of a war, the military prowess of a small state might not be able to defend itself against a stronger opponent. The introduction of nuclear weapons could serve to protect a smaller state but the consequences it can bring ...