Abstract: since the peak of conscription during the first and second World Wars, several countries have reduced the duration of compulsory military service or even ended conscription. in its early years, singapore had no means to defend its nascent independence apart from a minimal British milita...

Abstract: While intelligence failure was a contributory cause of the september 11 (9/11) attacks, it was not the sole cause. although it failed to provide plot-specific tactical warnings, the us intelligence community (ic) did provide political and strategic warnings to policymakers. having warne...

Abstract: Better known as guerrilla warfare during the 19th and early 20th century, insurgency was employed by indigenous groups from defeated armies in opposition to foreign or colonial occupation. this form of asymmetric warfare is not outmoded and has since evolved under emerging ideological, ...

Abstract: he evolution of warfare is analogous to the evolution of natural populations. The idea of Fourth Generation Warfare (4GW) and its evolution was fi rst pioneered by William S. Lind and his co-authors in 1989, and has since gained prominence in describing the current state of asymmetrical...

Abstract: Although the recent record of stability operations is less than ideal, numerous imperatives mean that many nations will almost certainly be forced to attempt them again in the future. It is therefore incumbent upon professionals to study previous stability operations in order to be bett...

Abstract: this essay covers three key aspects of pre-9/11 politics in america and discusses the battle of ideas between western culture and global terrorism. it also explores america’s efforts leading the global War on terror (gWot) coalition in afghanistan and iraq. furthermore, it uses several ...

Abstract: The short officer careers in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF ) have cast doubt on the professionalism of its officers, leading to calls for their careers to be extended. This essay will show that such short careers must prevail for now because of unique macro-level factors beyond the SA...

Abstract: “Fratricide is the employment of friendly weapons and munitions with the intent to kill the enemy or destroy his equipment or facilities, which results in unforeseen and unintentional death or injury to friendly personnel.” On the modern battlefi eld, technological advances have seen th...

Abstract: While interoperability and innovation in a maritime coalition environment is often looked at as a technical issue, it is interpersonal relationships and trust that truly underpin both. Given the differing strategic goals, legal requirements, rules of engagement, personalities and cultur...

Abstract: Teams are an increasingly common feature of many organizations. in the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), we create a variety of teams to carry out the many requirements of the organization. For example, we create and develop combat teams to perform the tactical actions required in combat an...